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Light & Verity
April
2001
SOM
Students Offering a Stake in the City
Even
at a time when "globalization" is an inescapable buzz-word, finding
money to start a business almost always means looking close to home. "Venture
capital is very much a local phenomenon," says Cebra Graves, a second-year
student at the School of Management. "Most VCs are within driving distance
of their investments, because they are active participants in the companies."
With that in mind, Graves and some 40 fellow students have started a venture
capital fund associated with the School called Sachem Ventures to fund New Haven-area
startups.
The new firm, which
is not part of a course at the School, will make small ($75,000 to $125,000)
investments in local businesses that meet with the approval of the student analysts
and the fund's investment committee. The students will also advise the companies
on writing business plans and securing additional funding. "There are three
motivating factors" for the fund, says Graves. "Most important is
the rate of return for our investors, and that trumps the other two. Next is
to help provide jobs and opportunities for New Haven and for Yale graduates
to stay in New Haven. And third is to provide educational opportunities for
the students who are involved."
The $1.5 million
in capital that is held by the fund came primarily from three sources: Zilkha
Venture Partners, a New York investment fund; the New Haven Savings Bank; and
the University, which invested $300,000. The first investment, made late last
year, was a $100,000 stake in Higher One, a financial-services company started
by a group of recent alumni who also founded the Yale Entrepreneurial Society.
Professor David Cromwell,
who teaches classes in venture capital and entrepreneurship at the School, is
acting as an adviser to the fund. Cromwell says one likely lesson for the students
will be that failures are more common among startups than successes. "I'm
sure we're going to lose all of our money in about four out of ten deals,"
says Cromwell, "but if we hit just one we'll be in good shape."
Of
Computers and The Canvas
David Gelernter
has no intention of giving up his day job, but a recent exhibition at the Slifka
Center for Jewish Life of 21 recent paintings demonstrated that the computer
science professor could probably make a living as an artist. The subjects, as
disparate as the Old Testament's David, a DC-3 transport plane, portraits of
Edgar Degas and Joseph Cornell, grapes, and a mezzuzah (the small boxes on the
doorposts of Jewish homes), are strikingly rendered in traditional and non-traditional
media such as acrylics, watercolor, pastels, liquid iron, gold, and screen wire.
It is remarkable enough that a scientist can be so skilled an artist. In Gelernter's case, it
is all the more noteworthy that he can paint at all. On June 24, 1993, Gelernter
opened a package that contained a mail bomb sent by Theodore J. Kaczynski, the
infamous Unabomber. Gelernter, like most other victims, was targeted because
of his expertise in technology.
The 1993 near-fatal
attack destroyed the scientist's right hand, but after a lengthy rehabilitation,
he became adept enough with his left hand to write and draw again. The experience
is recounted in his 1996 memoir, Drawing Life: Surviving the Unabomber, but it is not immediately visible in his art. Ironically enough, what does come
through is a frustration with technology itself, exemplified in the exasperation
of the computer user in the painting Man and Computer.
Gelernter, who is
also a prominent art critic, has long railed against bad design and clumsy products,
and he explains that an artistic turn of mind can be a great asset in computer
science. "Good software is elegant and beautiful," says Gelernter. "The best
guide is not an engineering impulse but an esthetic sensibility."
Longer
Nursing May Block Cancer
Most new mothers
in Western countries breast-feed their infants, but within a year, the vast
majority of these women have ceased nursing. According to a new Yale study,
however, continuing the age-old practice for a considerably longer time than
is usual may carry a health benefit for mothers: a 50 percent reduction in their
risk of developing breast cancer.
In a paper published
in the December issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology, Tongzhang
Zheng, an associate professor at the School of Epidemiology and Public Health,
and his colleagues at Yale, McGill University in Canada, and in China, compared
404 women in a rural part of China who had breast cancer with a similar number
who were cancer-free. Zheng (who has also investigated the potential role of
chemicals such as PCBs and DDT, as well as electric blankets, in causing a dreaded
illness that statisticians estimate will develop in one out of every nine women)
chose to work in China because "it is socially acceptable there to breast-feed
for a long time."
The main difference
between the two groups, says Zheng, was the amount of time the women spent nursing:
The protective effect was found only among mothers who breastfed for more than
24 months per child.
A variety of factors
in Western society, among them differences in work schedules and sexual mores,
mitigate against long-term nursing. The average duration in the U.S. is about
14 weeks, says the Yale epidemiologist, which is far too short for the anticancer effect to become obvious.
Researchers do not
know how breastfeeding might offer protection, but "our studies in China are
clear," says Zheng. "The longer duration of lactation -- whether it is based
on breastfeeding of a first child, or breastfeeding over a lifetime -- leads
to a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer."
Another
Take On Intelligence
The opening of the
Yale Center for the Psychology of Abilities, Competencies, and Expertise
(PACE) on February 19 gives a team of researchers a home base from
which to test nationwide a controversial idea about learning and
teaching. The PACE Center, located at 340 Edwards Street, is the
brainchild of Robert Sternberg '72, the IBM Professor of Psychology and Education and the creator
of the theory of "successful intelligence," the notion that being
smart requires more than well-honed memory skills.
Sternberg, the Center's
director, is an outspoken opponent of such traditional educational practices
as IQ tests and rote learning, maintaining that they promote a "narrow and fatalistic"
view of intelligence. Instead, the psychologist believes that being smart involves
developing skills and competencies in three key areas: analytical, creative,
and practical.
In earlier research,
Sternberg has shown that while students differ in their strengths in each area,
"their analytical, creative, and practical abilities are modifiable. The core
belief of successful intelligence is that anyone can get smarter," he says.
Buoyed by $7 million
in grants from the National Science Foundation and other organizations, the
Center is undertaking more than a dozen projects that range from the design
of tests for the College Board to the development of a middle-school curriculum
aimed at nurturing wisdom, which Sternberg defines as "successful intelligence
applied for the common good."
"We're trying to
change how schools work so that they can capitalize on the strengths of their
students and ultimately transform education and society," notes Sternberg, adding
that he has personal experience with the flaws of the traditional system. In
an introductory course in psychology at Yale that took a rote learning approach
to the subject, the researcher got a C. He almost decided to pursue another
field.
Media
Buzz Over Putative Porn
The story drew the
attention of news outlets ranging from the New York Times to the India
News Network. But it's not the kind of publicity the Tercentennial Office had
in mind. The media seized on a Yale Daily News story in January claiming
that a group of undergraduates were making a pornographic film in the stacks
of Sterling Memorial Library.
The supposed film
is the work of Porn 'n' Chicken, a group of mostly male undergraduates who gather
to watch adult movies, eat takeout chicken, and drink beer. The group's officers,
who communicate with the media only by e-mail using such pseudonyms as "Canadian
Bacon" and "Baby Gristle," say the film is to be titled The StaXXX and
will be screened on campus when it is completed this spring. (Yale administrators
have not taken any action based on the press accounts, although the University
is known to be restrictive about allowing filming on campus.) The principals
describe their endeavor in language tailor-made to suit media impressions of
Yalies: "Through our viewing of the pornographic canon.we found that most depictions
lacked the complexity and aesthetic beauty of the sensual experience as well
as the intellectual aspects of seduction," the producers wrote in one e-mail.
One could be forgiven
for suspecting that the film is a hoax, especially given Porn 'n' Chicken's
dubious account of its own origins. A representative told the Yale Herald that the group was being funded by bitter graduate students "engaging in technological,
intellectual, financial, and reputational terrorism against Yale."
Hoax or not, though,
the group has captured media attention and may yet cash in on the story. Publishers
and movie studios have reportedly contacted the group about acquiring the rights
to tell the story of the film's making.
Jewish
Chaplaincy Now Endowed
The University has
in recent years seen a proliferation of endowed positions for professors, deans,
masters, and coaches. Now, attorney and arbitrator Howard Holtzmann '42, '47JD,
has established the Howard M. Holtzmann Jewish Chaplaincy at Yale. Rabbi James
Ponet '68, who has served as Yale's Jewish chaplain since 1981, will fill the
position, which he says is the first endowed and named chair for a Jewish chaplain
at any American university.
Holtzmann, who previously endowed a chair in international law at the Law School and fellowship programs
in international dispute resolution and Judaic studies, is an attorney in New
York who has spent much of his career in the arbitration of international disputes.
(He served for 13 years on the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal in The Hague.)
Holtzmann, who says
that in his time there was "no organized Jewish life at Yale" save for a part-time
graduate-student chaplain, stresses the chaplain's importance both in ministering
to the Jewish community and in representing that community in the University's
ceremonial life. "At the Jewish Theological Seminary," he says, "they say they
award degrees as 'rabbi, preacher, and teacher.' I see the chaplain as filling
all those roles."
For Ponet, the gift
is an important symbol of the permanence and prominence of the Jewish presence
at Yale. "More and more, the chaplaincy on college campuses is losing its sense
of uniqueness and meaning," says Ponet. "Social workers instead of religious
leaders are coming in to fill the role. By endowing the position and giving
it the dignity of a chair, Judge Holtzmann is endorsing the importance of a
religious figure on campus."
Church
Is New Student Nightspot
You might not think
Yale students were in need of more a cappella singing or thick Gothic atmosphere,
but one of the more surprising student trends of the year is the success of
Christ Church's weekly compline service, which regularly draws more than 100
students on Sunday nights at ten o'clock. Since the Episcopal church, located
on Broadway across from the Yale Bookstore, added the service last September,
compline -- a service that marks the end of the day -- has become its biggest
service of the week.
The Rev. Chip Gilman,
Christ Church's rector, says he wanted to find a way to reach the Yale community
that surrounds the church. Noting the popularity of a compline service in Seattle
that attracts hundreds of young people every week, Gilman and organist Robert
Lehman decided to try it in New Haven. The service is sung in Elizabethan English
and Latin entirely by a choir that is hidden in an alcove. No clergy are present
at the front of the darkened church, only candles and incense. Students and
other worshippers remain silent as they arrive and throughout the half-hour
service.
Gilman says it has
attracted people from many different religions -- or no religion -- who are
drawn by the opportunity for meditation. "There's no proselytizing," says Gilman.
"There is a sense of mystery, quiet, and contemplation, and people can participate
however they want."
An
Alder on the Younger Side
Last November, Benjamin
Healey voted for the first time. This November, he most likely will be on the
ballot. Healey, a freshman from Washington, D.C., has won the endorsement of
the Demo- cratic Ward 1 Committee as a candidate for New Haven's Board of Aldermen.
In a contentious seven-hour meeting, the committee chose Healey over Lex Paulson
'02 and Michael Montano '03.
The overwhelming
majority of voters in Ward 1 are Yale students (the district includes eight
residential colleges and the Old Campus), and the ward's aldermanic seat traditionally
is held by a Yale student or recent graduate. The incumbent, Julio Gonzalez
'99, announced last fall that he would not seek another term.
Healey emphasized
labor issues, the city's empowerment zones, and zoning law as his foremost concerns.
Since Democrats enjoy a nearly insurmountable advantage in the ward, Healey's election in November is virtually assured unless another Democratic candidate
forces a primary election by gathering the signatures of five percent of the
ward's voters.
For
Law Professor, Moonlighting Pays
If you
see Law School professor Stephen Carter at Mory's,
you might ask him to pick up your tab. The cultural critic just
signed a contract for two novels with the Knopf Publishing Group
for $4 million, a record advance for a first-time novelist.
Carter's
seven previous books (including Civility, The Culture
of Disbelief, and Reflections of an Affirmative Action Baby) have been nonfiction works focused on race, values, and faith. His
900-page novel, called The Emperor of Ocean Park, follows
an African American law professor as he investigates the death of
his father, a conservative federal judge.
Think it sounds like
a good movie? Warner Brothers agrees, reportedly having paid Carter more than
$1 million for the film rights to the book, which will be published next year.
But Carter says he's not going Hollywood, even if his book is. "I love teaching
law," he says. "That's what I do."
Gymnastics
Raises the Bar
Yale's gymnastics
program is no stranger to Ivy League success, having won the conference title
12 times in 25 years of women's competition. (The last four are unofficial:
Official Ivy title competition ended in 1990, since only four Ivy schools field
a varsity team.) But you wouldn't have known it in 1997, when recruiting woes
made for a small team and injuries depleted it still further, leaving only four
women standing when it came time for the Ivy tournament.
But four years later,
the team has 16 members -- plenty of depth to deal with the injuries that are
inevitable in the sport -- and in February the team regained the Ivy title for
the first time since 1996. At the league tournament at the John J. Lee Amphitheater,
the gymnasts topped Yale's team scoring record for the third time this year
in beating out its nearest competitor, archrival Penn.
The team got its
start when women undergraduates first started wandering up to the eighth floor
of Payne Whitney Gymnasium in the early 1970s. Barbara Tonry, who has coached
the team since it became a women's sport in 1973, recalls that her husband,
Donald, who was then the men's gymnastics coach, was hospitable to the neophyte
women. "There were not a lot of welcome places for the first women at Yale,"
she recalls.
The Tonrys taught
the budding gymnasts cartwheels and other basics and soon began competing against
other inexperienced teams. From there, Tonry has built one of Yale's most consistently
successful varsity teams.
This year, the team
returned all but one member from last year, including strong performers Shoshanna
Engel '03 (who ended her season with a knee injury just before the Ivy meet)
and Amanda Wolf '03, who placed third individually at the NCAA Northeast Regional
Tournament last year. While Wolf may repeat at this year's regionals, the team
in early March had its eye on a higher goal: qualifying for regionals as a team.
The tournament is dominated by scholarship schools like Penn State and Michigan,
and Yale has never had enough regular-season points to qualify. But Tonry says
there's a chance that this could be the year. "We send a couple of individuals every year," says Tonry, "but it would be nice to have the team up there."
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